Which physical exam finding is indicative of CHF?

The presence of rales, jugular vein distension, and pitting pedal edema is indicative of congestive heart failure (CHF) due to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and systemic circulation (peripheral edema).

Rales are abnormal lung sounds heard when fluid builds up in the alveoli, which occurs in heart failure due to fluid overload. Jugular vein distension indicates increased central venous pressure that often results from the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid backing up into the venous system. Pitting pedal edema occurs when the body retains excess fluid due to heart dysfunction, which particularly affects the lower extremities when sitting or standing for prolonged periods.

These signs highlight the congestive aspects of heart failure, demonstrating the interplay between systemic fluid overload and respiratory compromise. Understanding these findings helps in accurately diagnosing CHF and differentiating it from other conditions.