What is the primary etiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) primarily occurs due to a shortage of insulin, which leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) and the consequent production of ketones. In individuals with diabetes, particularly Type 1 diabetes, an insufficient amount of insulin prevents glucose from entering the cells for use as energy. As glucose remains in the bloodstream, the body begins to break down fat for energy, resulting in ketone production as a byproduct of fat metabolism.

These ketones are acidic and contribute to the metabolic acidosis that characterizes DKA. The combination of high blood sugar levels and the buildup of ketones leads to serious complications that require immediate medical attention.

The other factors listed, such as insulin production, physical activity, and carbohydrate intake, are not primary causes of DKA. While factors like high carbohydrate intake can contribute to hyperglycemia, they alone do not cause the condition without the underlying issue of inadequate insulin.