What examination technique is most indicative of vestibular dysfunction in vertigo?

The Romberg test is highly indicative of vestibular dysfunction in patients experiencing vertigo. This test assesses a person's balance and proprioception—the sense of body position in space. During the test, the individual is asked to stand with their feet together, arms at their sides, and eyes closed. If the individual is unable to maintain their balance and sways or falls, it suggests issues with either the vestibular system, proprioceptive pathways, or cerebellar function.

The vestibular system is responsible for sensing changes in head position and helping to maintain balance. When there is dysfunction in this system, patients often exhibit instability, which becomes apparent through the Romberg test. A positive Romberg test—where the patient sways or falls—indicates a problem that likely relates to vestibular issues, thereby supporting the diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction in the context of vertigo.

The other techniques mentioned—such as the BABRI test, murmur examination, and abdominal palpation—do not specifically assess the vestibular system or balance and are not indicative of vestibular dysfunction. They serve different purposes in clinical examinations, focusing on other systems or conditions unrelated to the vestibular function.