What condition is characterized by inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart?

Pericarditis is the condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. This inflammation can result from various causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or post-myocardial infarction (heart attack). Symptoms often include chest pain, which can be sharp and may worsen with deep breaths or coughing, as well as fever, weakness, or changes in heart sounds.

In contrast, pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs, affecting respiratory function and causing pain during breathing. Myocarditis refers to the inflammation of the heart muscle itself, which can compromise the heart's ability to pump effectively. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart and heart valves, leading to significant health complications if not addressed. Thus, pericarditis specifically targets the pericardium, distinguishing it from these other conditions.