What causes ovarian torsion?

Ovarian torsion primarily occurs due to the twisting of the ovarian artery, which can significantly impede blood flow to the affected ovary. This twisting can lead to ischemia, resulting in severe pain and potential necrosis of ovarian tissue if not addressed quickly. The condition often occurs spontaneously or can be precipitated by factors such as activities that involve sudden movements, or conditions that allow for increased mobility of the ovary, such as congenital anomalies or ovarian cysts.

The other choices, while related to ovarian health, do not directly cause torsion. Tumors on the ovary can occupy space or create changes in the ovarian structure, but they are not the primary mechanism of torsion. Changes in hormone levels can affect ovarian function and hormone balance but do not lead to the anatomical twisting necessary for torsion. An infection in the ovary may cause inflammation and pain but does not typically cause the physical twisting of the ovary itself. Understanding the mechanism of ovarian torsion is vital for prompt diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the symptoms and the underlying cause of the condition.