How is small bowel obstruction diagnosed?

Small bowel obstruction is most effectively diagnosed using imaging techniques, with CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis with oral contrast being particularly useful. This method allows for detailed visualization of the intestinal structures, helping to differentiate between various causes of obstruction, such as adhesions, tumors, or hernias. The oral contrast agent enhances the imaging quality, making it easier to identify any blockages or areas of swelling within the small intestine.

Other diagnostic modalities, such as abdominal ultrasound, are less definitive for small bowel obstructions; while ultrasound can provide information about fluid levels or abnormal bowel appearances, it often lacks the clarity needed to fully assess the condition. Complete blood counts and urinalysis may reveal indirect signs of obstruction, such as signs of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, but they do not directly visualize the obstruction. Endoscopy of the small intestine can help assess the lumen but is typically used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes related to specific conditions rather than for diagnosing obstructions. Therefore, CT abdomen pelvis with oral contrast is the most reliable choice for diagnosing small bowel obstruction.