How is otitis media typically diagnosed?

Otitis media, an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, is typically diagnosed clinically. This means that healthcare professionals rely on observable signs and symptoms rather than laboratory tests or imaging. During a clinical examination, a physician assesses the patient's ear using an otoscope to look for signs of infection, such as fluid accumulation or inflammation in the middle ear. Symptoms that may lead to a clinical diagnosis include ear pain, irritability in infants, fevers, and sometimes drainage from the ear.

While patient history plays a role in the diagnosis, it is the combination of history and physical examination findings that confirms otitis media. Although imaging studies like CT scans or MRI can occasionally be used in complicated cases or when there is a need to assess for structural issues, they are not standard practice for diagnosing simple otitis media. Blood tests are similarly not useful for diagnosing this condition, as they do not provide the specific information needed to confirm an ear infection. The clinical approach allows for a quick and effective diagnosis, guiding appropriate treatment.